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Max,<div>To the best of my recollection, the model was phenomenological rather than quantitative in nature. "Community Cohesion" referred to the affected population and their sense of "coming together". Since the model was developed for planning mental health interventions it focused on the population at large rather than on its leadership. To the best my knowledge they were not referring to external agencies (NGO's, governmental, etc.). </div><div><br></div><div>It would seem to me that collaboration would best be fostered in the earlier stage (Heroism, culminating in cohesion) along side awareness building that this state of unity will not prevail unless the entire community comes together in the recovery efforts as well as mitigation of future hazards (natural or human). The early phase, in my experience, is a time where more vulnerable segments of the population (e.g. women, poor) are as important in terms of their contribution to the efforts as traditionally more powerful segments. It is during that early phase that engagement of the vulnerable needs to take place -- both in terms of their own sense of agency and in terms of "having a seat at the table" -- future collaboration and decision making.</div><div><br></div><div>My own personal bias, being a psychologist, is to engage people based on their psycho-social needs. During and after crisis and disaster those needs can be summarized as: Safety, Predictability and Control. "Transcending two sides of civil conflict" can occur (more easily) when those needs are addressed and met. </div><div><br></div><div>Regarding metrics: The field of social psychology (and perhaps sociology) has metrics for cohesion (although it's been a while since I was up on the current state of the research). </div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br><div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#949EA8">Guy</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#949EA8">______________________________</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#949EA8">Guy Sapirstein</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#949EA8">ORI, llc</font></div><div><br></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"> </div><br><div><div>On May 6, 2008, at 5:03 AM, Max Boykoff wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PersonName"><div class="Section1"><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; ">Thanks for the attachment. I wondered with the figure though how was ‘cohesion’ defined? What are the parameters? Across community leaders? Everyone? Within certain sectors? With aid agencies? There are multiple interpretations possible and many with mixed results over the long-term.<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; ">This also refers back to George Kent and Ben Wisner’s comments on ‘transcending two sides of civil conflict’.<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; ">I wonder if this ‘cohesion’ metric ends up as useful/useless as ‘social capital’.<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; ">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; ">max<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; ">-------------------------------------------------<br>Max Boykoff, Ph.D.<br>James Martin 21st Century Research Fellow<br>Environmental Change Institute<br><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:placename w:st="on">Oxford</st1:placename></st1:place></span></font><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: navy; "><a href="http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/boykoffmax.php" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; "><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; ">www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/boykoffmax.php</span></font></a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; "></span></font><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; "><hr size="2" width="100%" align="center" tabindex="-1"></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold; ">From:</span></font></b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; "><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>radix-bounces@ecie.org [<a href="mailto:radix-bounces@ecie.org">mailto:radix-bounces@ecie.org</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b>Guy Sapirstein<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">Sent:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, May 06, 2008 1:34 AM<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">To:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:personname w:st="on"><a href="mailto:bwisner@igc.org">bwisner@igc.org</a></st1:personname><br><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">Cc:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>George Kent; <a href="mailto:radix@ecie.org">radix@ecie.org</a>; Gabrielle Kruks-Wisner; Richard Krajeski<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">Subject:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Radix] Burma/Myanmar Cyclone Disaster Diplomacy</span></font><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; ">The previous points regarding cohesion following the event and subsequent conflict are nicely depicted in the attached slide describing the timeline of the psycho-social impact of disasters.<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; ">(Please feel free to use, source is:ZUNIN, L. M. & MYERS, D. (2000). Training Manual for Human Service Workers inMajor Disasters. 2nd Ed. Washington, DC: Department of Health and HumanServices Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center forMental Health Services; DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-538. [available online]</span></font><font size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; "><a href="http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/ADM90-538/tmpreface.asp" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/ADM90-538/tmpreface.asp</a>).</span></font><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="apple-style-span"><font size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; ">Best,</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 12pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></font></div></div><div><span style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; "><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="1" color="#949ea8" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(148, 158, 168); ">Guy</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="1" color="#949ea8" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(148, 158, 168); ">______________________________</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="1" color="#949ea8" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(148, 158, 168); ">Guy Sapirstein</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="1" color="#949ea8" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(148, 158, 168); ">ORI, llc</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div></span></div></div></div></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></span></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>